Denis Diderot
Denis Diderot (; ; 5 October 171331 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer, best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the ''Encyclopédie'' along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert. He was a prominent figure during the Age of Enlightenment.Diderot initially studied philosophy at a Jesuit college, then considered working in the church clergy before briefly studying law. When he decided to become a writer in 1734, his father disowned him. He lived a bohemian existence for the next decade. In the 1740s he wrote many of his best-known works in both fiction and non-fiction, including the 1748 novel ''Les Bijoux indiscrets'' (The Indiscreet Jewels).
In 1751 Diderot co-created the ''Encyclopédie'' with Jean le Rond d'Alembert. It was the first encyclopedia to include contributions from many named contributors and the first to describe the mechanical arts. Its secular tone, which included articles skeptical about Biblical miracles, angered both religious and government authorities; in 1758 it was banned by the Catholic Church and, in 1759, the French government banned it as well, although this ban was not strictly enforced. Many of the initial contributors to the ''Encyclopédie'' left the project as a result of its controversies and some were even jailed. D'Alembert left in 1759, making Diderot the sole editor. Diderot also became the main contributor, writing around 7,000 articles. He continued working on the project until 1765. He was increasingly despondent about the ''Encyclopédie'' by the end of his involvement in it and felt that the entire project might have been a waste. Nevertheless, the ''Encyclopédie'' is considered one of the forerunners of the French Revolution.
Diderot struggled financially throughout most of his career and received very little official recognition of his merit, including being passed over for membership in the Académie française. His fortunes improved significantly in 1766, when Empress Catherine the Great, who heard of his financial troubles, generously bought his 3,000-volume personal library, amassed during his work on the Encyclopédie, for 15,000 livres, and offered him in addition a thousand more livres per year to serve as its custodian while he lived. He received 50 years' "salary" up front from her, and stayed five months at her court in Saint Petersburg in 1773 and 1774, sharing discussions and writing essays on various topics for her several times a week.
Diderot's literary reputation during his life rested primarily on his plays and his contributions to the ''Encyclopédie''; many of his most important works, including ''Jacques the Fatalist'', ''Rameau's Nephew'', ''Paradox of the Actor'', and ''D'Alembert's Dream'', were published only after his death. Provided by Wikipedia
101
by Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784
Published 1966
Published 1966
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102
by Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784
Published 1975
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“...Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784...”Published 1975
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103
by Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784
Published 1966
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104
by Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784
Published 1976
Published 1976
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105
by Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784
Published 1885
Published 1885
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106
by Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784
Published 1962
Published 1962
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107
by Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784
Published 1964
Published 1964
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108
by Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784
Published 1967
Published 1967
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109
by Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784
Published 1986
Published 1986
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111
by McCarney, Scott
Published 1996
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“...Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784...”Published 1996
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113
114
115
by Holbach, Paul Henri Thiry, baron d', 1723-1789
Published 1821
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117
by Bardez, Jean-Michel
Published 1975
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118
by O'Gorman, Donal
Published 1971
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“...Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784...”Published 1971
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120
by Mason, John Hope
Published 1982
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“...Diderot, Denis, 1713-1784...”Published 1982
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