Søren Kierkegaard
Søren Aabye Kierkegaard ( , , ; 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danish theologian, philosopher, poet, social critic, and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher. He wrote critical texts on organized religion, Christianity, morality, ethics, psychology, and the philosophy of religion, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony, and parables. Much of his philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives as a "single individual", giving priority to concrete human reality over abstract thinking and highlighting the importance of personal choice and commitment. He was against literary critics who defined idealist intellectuals and philosophers of his time, and thought that Swedenborg, Hegel, Fichte, Schelling, Schlegel, and Hans Christian Andersen were all "understood" far too quickly by "scholars."Kierkegaard's theological work focuses on Christian ethics, the institution of the Church, the differences between purely objective proofs of Christianity, the infinite qualitative distinction between man and God, and the individual's subjective relationship to the God-Man Jesus the Christ, which came through faith. Much of his work deals with Christian love. He was extremely critical of the doctrine and practice of Christianity as a state-controlled religion (Caesaropapism) like the Church of Denmark. His psychological work explored the emotions and feelings of individuals when faced with life choices. Opposite Jean-Paul Sartre and the atheistic existentialism paradigm, Kierkegaard focused on Christian existentialism.
Kierkegaard's early work was written using pseudonyms to present distinctive viewpoints interacting in complex dialogue. He explored particularly complex problems from different viewpoints, each under a different pseudonym. He wrote ''Upbuilding Discourses'' under his own name and dedicated them to the "single individual" who might want to discover the meaning of his works. He wrote: "Science and scholarship want to teach that becoming objective is the way. Christianity teaches that the way is to become subjective, to become a subject." While scientists learn about the world by observation, Kierkegaard emphatically denied that observation alone could reveal the inner workings of the world of the spirit.
Some of Kierkegaard's key ideas include the concept of "subjective and objective truths", the knight of faith, the recollection and repetition dichotomy, angst, the infinite qualitative distinction, faith as a passion, and the three stages on life's way. Kierkegaard wrote in Danish and the reception of his work was initially limited to Scandinavia, but by the turn of the 20th century his writings were translated into French, German, and other major European languages. By the mid-20th century, his thought exerted a substantial influence on philosophy, theology, and Western culture in general. Provided by Wikipedia
101
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1978
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102
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1941
Published 1941
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103
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1944
Published 1944
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104
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1957
Published 1957
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105
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1972
Published 1972
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106
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1943
Published 1943
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107
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1960
Published 1960
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108
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1983
Published 1983
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109
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 2008
Published 2008
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110
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1962
Published 1962
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111
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1966
Published 1966
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112
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1940
Published 1940
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113
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1941
Published 1941
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114
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1959
Published 1959
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115
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1944
Published 1944
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116
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 2006
Published 2006
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117
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1957
Published 1957
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118
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1954
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119
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1963
Published 1963
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120
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1940
Published 1940
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