Søren Kierkegaard
Søren Aabye Kierkegaard ( , , ; 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danish theologian, philosopher, poet, social critic, and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher. He wrote critical texts on organized religion, Christianity, morality, ethics, psychology, and the philosophy of religion, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony, and parables. Much of his philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives as a "single individual", giving priority to concrete human reality over abstract thinking and highlighting the importance of personal choice and commitment. He was against literary critics who defined idealist intellectuals and philosophers of his time, and thought that Swedenborg, Hegel, Fichte, Schelling, Schlegel, and Hans Christian Andersen were all "understood" far too quickly by "scholars."Kierkegaard's theological work focuses on Christian ethics, the institution of the Church, the differences between purely objective proofs of Christianity, the infinite qualitative distinction between man and God, and the individual's subjective relationship to the God-Man Jesus the Christ, which came through faith. Much of his work deals with Christian love. He was extremely critical of the doctrine and practice of Christianity as a state-controlled religion (Caesaropapism) like the Church of Denmark. His psychological work explored the emotions and feelings of individuals when faced with life choices. Opposite Jean-Paul Sartre and the atheistic existentialism paradigm, Kierkegaard focused on Christian existentialism.
Kierkegaard's early work was written using pseudonyms to present distinctive viewpoints interacting in complex dialogue. He explored particularly complex problems from different viewpoints, each under a different pseudonym. He wrote ''Upbuilding Discourses'' under his own name and dedicated them to the "single individual" who might want to discover the meaning of his works. He wrote: "Science and scholarship want to teach that becoming objective is the way. Christianity teaches that the way is to become subjective, to become a subject." While scientists learn about the world by observation, Kierkegaard emphatically denied that observation alone could reveal the inner workings of the world of the spirit.
Some of Kierkegaard's key ideas include the concept of "subjective and objective truths", the knight of faith, the recollection and repetition dichotomy, angst, the infinite qualitative distinction, faith as a passion, and the three stages on life's way. Kierkegaard wrote in Danish and the reception of his work was initially limited to Scandinavia, but by the turn of the 20th century his writings were translated into French, German, and other major European languages. By the mid-20th century, his thought exerted a substantial influence on philosophy, theology, and Western culture in general. Provided by Wikipedia
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by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1944
Published 1944
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162
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 2019
Published 2019
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163
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1958
Published 1958
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164
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1944
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165
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1966
Published 1966
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166
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1991
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167
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1985
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168
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1997
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169
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 2011
Published 2011
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170
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1941
Published 1941
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171
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1962
Published 1962
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172
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1990
Published 1990
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173
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1939
Published 1939
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174
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1998
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175
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1944
Published 1944
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176
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 2009
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177
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1997
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178
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1993
Published 1993
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179
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1967
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180
by Kierkegaard, Søren, 1813-1855
Published 1962
Published 1962
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