Robert Schumann
Robert Schumann}} (; 8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era. Schumann left the study of law, intending to pursue a career as a virtuoso pianist. His teacher, Friedrich Wieck, a German pianist, had assured him that he could become the finest pianist in Europe, but a hand injury ended this dream. Schumann then focused his musical energies on composing.In 1840, Schumann married Friedrich Wieck's daughter Clara Wieck, after a long and acrimonious legal battle with Friedrich, who opposed the marriage. A lifelong partnership in music began, as Clara herself was an established pianist and music prodigy. Clara and Robert also developed a close relationship with German composer Johannes Brahms.
Until 1840, Schumann wrote exclusively for the piano. Later, he composed piano and orchestral works, and many Lieder (songs for voice and piano). He composed four symphonies, one opera, and other orchestral, choral, and chamber works. His best-known works include ''Carnaval'', ''Symphonic Studies'', ''Kinderszenen'', ''Kreisleriana'', and the ''Fantasie in C''. Schumann was known for infusing his music with characters through motifs, as well as references to works of literature. These characters bled into his editorial writing in the ''Neue Zeitschrift für Musik'' (New Journal for Music), a Leipzig-based publication that he co-founded.
Schumann suffered from a mental disorder that first manifested in 1833 as a severe melancholic depressive episode—which recurred several times alternating with phases of "exaltation" and increasingly also delusional ideas of being poisoned or threatened with metallic items. What is now thought to have been a combination of bipolar disorder and perhaps mercury poisoning led to "manic" and "depressive" periods in Schumann's compositional productivity. After a suicide attempt in 1854, Schumann was admitted at his own request to a mental asylum in Endenich (now in Bonn). Diagnosed with ''psychotic melancholia'', he died of pneumonia two years later at the age of 46, without recovering from his mental illness. Provided by Wikipedia
141
by Schumann, Clara, 1819-1896
Published 1984
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“...Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856...”Published 1984
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Book
142
by Rosen, Charles, 1927-2012
Published 1995
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“...Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856...”Published 1995
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Book
143
by Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897
Published 1969
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“...Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856...”Published 1969
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144
by Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897
Published 1997
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“...Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856...”Published 1997
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Conference Proceeding
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145
by Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897
Published 1993
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“...Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856...”Published 1993
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146
147
by Kovacevich, Stephen, 1940-
Published 2001
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“...Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856...”Published 2001
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150
by Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897
Published 1995
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“...Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856...”Published 1995
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Musical Score
Book
151
by Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897
Published 1995
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“...Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856...”Published 1995
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154
by Schumann, Clara, 1819-1896
Published 1994
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“...Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856...”Published 1994
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Book
155
by Ameling, Elly
Published 1998
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“...Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856...”Published 1998
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Audio
156
by Bach, Johann Sebastian, 1685-1750
Published 1920
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“...Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856...”Published 1920
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Musical Score
Book
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158
by Isomura, Kazuhide
Published 1995
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“...Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856...”Published 1995
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160
by Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897
Published 1994
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“...Schumann, Robert, 1810-1856...”Published 1994
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Audio