Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Carl Maria von Weber and Giacomo Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the ''Gesamtkunstwerk'' ("total work of art"), by which he sought to synthesise the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music subsidiary to drama. He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle ''Der Ring des Nibelungen'' (''The Ring of the Nibelung'').His compositions, particularly those of his later period, are notable for their complex textures, rich harmonies and orchestration, and the elaborate use of leitmotifs—musical phrases associated with individual characters, places, ideas, or plot elements. His advances in musical language, such as extreme chromaticism and quickly shifting tonal centres, greatly influenced the development of classical music. His ''Tristan und Isolde'' is sometimes described as marking the start of modern music.
Wagner had his own opera house built, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, which embodied many novel design features. The ''Ring'' and ''Parsifal'' were premiered here and his most important stage works continue to be performed at the annual Bayreuth Festival, which was galvanized by the efforts of his wife Cosima Wagner and the family's descendants. His thoughts on the relative contributions of music and drama in opera were to change again, and he reintroduced some traditional forms into his last few stage works, including ''Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg'' (''The Mastersingers of Nuremberg'').
Until his final years, Wagner's life was characterised by political exile, turbulent love affairs, poverty and repeated flight from his creditors. His controversial writings on music, drama and politics have attracted extensive comment – particularly since the late 20th century, as they express antisemitic sentiments. The effect of his ideas can be traced in many of the arts throughout the 20th century; his influence spread beyond composition into conducting, philosophy, literature, the visual arts and theatre.
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41
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1961
Published 1961
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42
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1960
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“...Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883...”Published 1960
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43
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1950
Published 1950
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44
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1950
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“...Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883...”Published 1950
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45
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1960
Published 1960
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Book
46
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1981
Published 1981
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Conference Proceeding
Audio
47
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1973
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“...Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883...”Published 1973
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48
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1960
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49
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1982
Published 1982
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Musical Score
Book
50
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1904
Published 1904
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Book
51
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1900
Published 1900
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Musical Score
Book
52
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1995
Published 1995
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Government Document
Book
53
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1970
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“...Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883...”Published 1970
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54
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1959
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“...Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883...”Published 1959
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55
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1973
Published 1973
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Audio
56
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1963
Published 1963
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Book
57
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1973
Published 1973
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Book
58
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1950
Published 1950
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Book
59
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1984
Published 1984
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Musical Score
Book
60
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Published 1980
Published 1980
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Book