Black Elk
Heȟáka Sápa, commonly known as Black Elk (baptized Nicholas; December 1, 1863 – August 19, 1950), was a ''wičháša wakȟáŋ'' ("medicine man, holy man") and ''heyoka'' of the Oglala Lakota people. He was a second cousin of the war leader Crazy Horse and fought with him in the Battle of Little Bighorn. He survived the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890. He toured and performed in Europe as part of ''Buffalo Bill's Wild West''.Black Elk is best known for his interviews with poet John Neihardt, where he discussed his religious views, visions, and events from his life. Neihardt published these in his book ''Black Elk Speaks'' in 1932. This book has since been published in numerous editions, most recently in 2008. Near the end of his life, he also spoke to American ethnologist Joseph Epes Brown for his 1947 book ''The Sacred Pipe''. There has been great interest in these works among diverse people interested in Native American religions, notably those in the pan-Indian movement.
Black Elk converted to Catholicism, becoming a catechist, but he also continued to practice Lakota ceremonies. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City opened an official cause for his beatification within the Roman Catholic Church in 2016. His grandson, George Looks Twice said, "He was comfortable praying with this pipe and his rosary, and participated in Mass and Lakota ceremonies on a regular basis". Provided by Wikipedia
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 1988
Published 1988
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Book
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 1971
Published 1971
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 1961
Published 1961
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 1982
Published 1982
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5
by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 2014
Published 2014
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 1932
Published 1932
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 1953
Published 1953
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 1988
Published 1988
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 1979
Published 1979
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Government Document
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 2000
Published 2000
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Government Document
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 1993
Published 1993
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 1953
Published 1953
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 1989
Published 1989
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 2008
Published 2008
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by Black Elk, 1863-1950
Published 1972
Published 1972
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by Neihardt, John Gneisenau, 1881-1973
Published 1985
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“...Black Elk, 1863-1950...”Published 1985
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by Neihardt, John G., 1881-1973
Published 1984
Other Authors:
“...Black Elk, 1863-1950...”Published 1984
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