David Hume
David Hume (; born David Home; – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, historian, economist, librarian, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism. Beginning with ''A Treatise of Human Nature'' (1739–40), Hume strove to create a naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human nature. Hume followed John Locke in rejecting the existence of innate ideas, concluding that all human knowledge derives solely from experience. This places him with Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and George Berkeley as an empiricist.Hume argued that inductive reasoning and belief in causality cannot be justified rationally; instead, they result from custom and mental habit. We never actually perceive that one event causes another but only experience the "constant conjunction" of events. This problem of induction means that to draw any causal inferences from past experience, it is necessary to presuppose that the future will resemble the past, a metaphysical presupposition which cannot itself be grounded in prior experience.
An opponent of philosophical rationalists, Hume held that passions rather than reason govern human behaviour, famously proclaiming that "Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions." Hume was also a sentimentalist who held that ethics are based on emotion or sentiment rather than abstract moral principle. He maintained an early commitment to naturalistic explanations of moral phenomena and is usually accepted by historians of European philosophy to have first clearly expounded the is–ought problem, or the idea that a statement of fact alone can never give rise to a normative conclusion of what ''ought'' to be done.
Hume denied that humans have an actual conception of the self, positing that we experience only a bundle of sensations, and that the self is nothing more than this bundle of perceptions connected by an association of ideas. Hume's compatibilist theory of free will takes causal determinism as fully compatible with human freedom. His philosophy of religion, including his rejection of miracles, and of the argument from design for God's existence, were especially controversial for their time.
Hume left a legacy that affected utilitarianism, logical positivism, the philosophy of science, early analytic philosophy, cognitive science, theology, and many other fields and thinkers. Immanuel Kant credited Hume as the inspiration that had awakened him from his "dogmatic slumbers." Provided by Wikipedia
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 2021
Published 2021
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1764
Published 1764
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1966
Published 1966
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1955
Published 1955
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1965
Published 1965
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1978
Published 1978
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1985
Published 1985
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1831
Published 1831
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1927
Published 1927
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1956
Published 1956
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1972
Published 1972
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1953
Published 1953
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1886
Published 1886
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1992
Published 1992
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1955
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1898
Published 1898
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1896
Published 1896
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1982
Published 1982
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19
by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1993
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by Hume, David, 1711-1776
Published 1970
Published 1970
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