United Nations

1943 sketch by Franklin Roosevelt of the UN original three branches: The [[Four Policemen The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the world's largest international organization. The UN is headquartered in New York City (in the United States, but with certain extraterritorial privileges), and the UN has other offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague, where the International Court of Justice is headquartered at the Peace Palace.

The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future world wars, and succeeded the League of Nations, which was characterized as ineffective. On 25 April 1945, 50 nations met in San Francisco, California for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945. The charter took effect on 24 October 1945, when the UN began operations. The UN's objectives, as defined by its charter, include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; , it has 193 – almost all of the world's sovereign states.

The UN's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early decades due in part to Cold War tensions that existed between the United States and Soviet Union and their respective allies. Its mission has included the provision of primarily unarmed military observers and lightly armed troops charged with primarily monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles. UN membership grew significantly following widespread decolonization in the 1960s. Since then, 80 former colonies have gained independence, including 11 trust territories that had been monitored by the Trusteeship Council. By the 1970s, the UN's budget for economic and social development programmes vastly exceeded its spending on peacekeeping. After the end of the Cold War in 1991, the UN shifted and expanded its field operations, undertaking a wide variety of complex tasks.

The UN has six principal operational organizations: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the UN Secretariat, and the Trusteeship Council, although the Trusteeship Council has been inactive since 1994. The UN System includes a multitude of specialized agencies, funds, and programmes, including the World Bank Group, the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme, UNESCO, and UNICEF. Additionally, non-governmental organizations may be granted consultative status with the Economic and Social Council and other agencies.

The UN's chief administrative officer is the secretary-general, currently Portuguese politician and diplomat António Guterres, who began his first five year-term on 1 January 2017 and was re-elected on 8 June 2021. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states.

The UN, its officers, and its agencies have won many Nobel Peace Prizes, though other evaluations of its effectiveness have been mixed. Some commentators believe the organization to be an important force for peace and human development, while others have called it ineffective, biased, and corrupt. Provided by Wikipedia
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by United Nations
Published 2013
...United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs...

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Published 1999
...Report of the United Nations Secretary General --...

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...The United Nations Film Board presents ; words by John Hersey ; pictures by Lionel Rogosin...

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Published 1995
...From the United Nations to cosmopolitan democracy /...

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Published 2006
...United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, Office of the United Nations High...

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Other Authors: ...United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The race question in modern...

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Other Authors: ...United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. [Document] IIEP.68/II.10...

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by Bello, Walden F.
Published 1998
...United Nations Secretariat...

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Other Authors: ...United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Document SC.68/D.67/AF...

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Other Authors: ...United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The development of higher...

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Published 1972
Other Authors: ...United Nations Industrial Development Organization...

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Published 2009
...United Nations Conference on Trade and Development --...

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Published 1991
...United Nations Development Program --...

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Published 2012
...United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) Center for Women....

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Published 2010
...United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ;...

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Published 2021
...United Nations --...

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Published 2011
...United Nations ; LOST would be a loser for the U.S. /...

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Published 2000
...United Nations Research Institute for Social Development --...

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Published 2009
...United Nations Population Fund --...

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